Category: News

There is sufficient courage, resilient bonds, and wisdom to put up a resistance against the forces threatening our liberty

On a cool September evening, somewhere in Kampala-Uganda, a hall rang with peals of hearty laughter typical of old friends reuniting and the bubbly chatter of new friendships in formation. Wherever the eye rested, stirrings of joy abounded. In one corner, gifts of artisanal soap and scented candles passed from one hand to another, while in another corner, bits of news, personal and national, were traded.

These joyous sights and sounds belonged to a group of sixty African feminists who had come from Sudan, DR Congo, Uganda, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Kenya, and Rwanda to convene for the East African Regional Convening organised under the umbrella of the African Feminist Forum. At this forum, African feminists gathered to spend some time deliberating on strategies to counter the gale of fundamentalism sweeping across the world and with it, bearing seeds of conservative heteronormative patriarchal ideals, rigid homogeneity and fascism.

Fundamentalism often peddled through religion and culture can be defined as extremist and dogmatic interpretations of an ideology rooted in essentialist attitudes around various aspects of identity, like sex, ethnicity, religion, and nationalism. In the presence of perceived threats towards their identity, culture or power, those beset with a longing for the past where they believe “things were better back then” resist change, the advancement of modernity and any aspects of it. Often, this resistance takes place through the mobilization of people of a shared identity who are required to preserve or return to the past by putting up a spirited fight through strict adherence and enforcement of given rules.

Thus in the race towards maintaining homogeneity in regards to sex, gender and ethnicity etc, women’s and girls’ bodies which have long been ideological and political battlegrounds have their autonomy increasingly encroached upon as they are subjected to moral policing.

This year, for instance, we witnessed a surprising move by the United States Supreme Court when it overturned Roe v Wade, a landmark legal decision granting access to abortion to women in the US. This regressive move spells trouble for the rights of women, girls and gender-expansive persons in the USA and beyond, where organizing around sexual and reproductive health and rights will stall or fizzle out.

According to Open Democracy, US-based evangelicals, groups have poured more than $54M in Africa since 2007 to fight against LGBT rights, access to safe abortion, contraceptives and comprehensive sexuality education. This has resulted in some countries passing or attempting to pass discriminatory laws and practices as is exemplified by the anti-Homosexuality Laws in Uganda and now Ghana. In East Africa the Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Bill that could protect and facilitate the SRH and rights of all people in the region has stalled due to opposition by religious groups that are supported by Western fundamentalists. In August, 2022, by the Ugandan Minister of Ethics and Integrity in opposition to the bill said, “After all the failed attempts, they decided to sugarcoat it with some popular provisions, but when you assess it, you will find abortion, homosexuality, and these are not our values, this is not our culture, we said we must fight back,” said James Nsaba Buturo, the forum chairperson. A month before this convening, Kenya elected into power a president who is a well known evangelical christian who has given all signs of making religion central to his rule.

Away from religious fundamentalism, we have seen the rise of ethno-nationalist fundamentalism that manifests in increasing xenophobia and racism targeted against “foreigners” as in the case of continuos attacks against migrants in South Africa. In the Global North ethnonationalism continues to prevail in immigration laws intended to keep out foreigners, deportations or the detention of immigrants into modern day concentration camps like in Libya and Israel. The growing fundamentalist agenda is reflected in examples such as Sweden’s Democrat party which was founded by Neo Nazi movements, and the election of Italy’s far right prime minister who are meant to advance fundamentalist agendas.

Under the steerage of feminists of varying identities, the event ran from 25th to 28th September, and featured a profound discussion examining fundamentalism and how it manifests in governance, the economy, and individual spaces. These feminists are committed to the cause and are organising on various fronts; academia, grassroot movements, non-governmental organisations, political leadership among others.

Through its track record of oppression and destruction, fundamentalism as we have come to know it in historical and contemporary times, is indeed a fatal social poison that wounds and kills both the flesh and spirit. There’s never been a better time to take on this sinister force that is chiefly designed to subdue. The zeitgeist demanded that feminists convene to confront this wave of fundamentalism that was causing the rollback of the rights of women, girls, people from the LGBTQIA movement and other marginalised populations.

To infuse the participants with the mojo needed to take on the task of confronting and strategising against fundamentalism, the fiery Kenyan feminist scholar Dr Awino Okech, was elected for the task. Ahead of the reflection, Dr Okech set out to name the creature we were up against and lead us into a study of its anatomy before returning to the furnace to forge a weapon for it. Dr Okech offered much-needed insights on the subject through her keynote speech, pointing out that fundamentalism sits at the intersection of belonging, authoritarianism, and religious fundamentalism and that it takes on different forms in different contexts.

Using historical and contemporary examples at national and global levels, from Germany, India, Brazil and Kenya, Dr Okech explained that fundamentalism which often combines nationalism and religion, is a reaction towards the advance of modernity and also nostalgia for the past. She further pointed out that the advance of fundamentalism manifests in the form of moral panic that culminates in moral policing through surveillance and curtailing of civil liberties.

She shared examples of Iranian women protesting against the veil as part of their broader struggle for transformative justice, the election of a hyper-religious president in Kenya, Italy’s ushering in of a far-right political party and the overturning of Roe Vs Wade as clear indicators of the rise of fundamentalism. She submitted that given the nature of the kind of fundamentalism we are up against, it is only wise that our strategies against it take on a transnational, cross-movement and trans-disciplinary nature in order to defeat it. She encouraged us to stand in solidarity with each other, resisting on others’ behalf whenever their human rights are infringed on, because in preserving and protecting the liberties of others, we do our own. Our chances of survival and triumph over these forces, Dr Awino said, depends on how well we learn from the past. This means that we have to engage with the bodies of knowledge of our feminist ancestors to see the strategies that worked and failed and use that knowledge to forge our way forward.

Dr Okech’s keynote was a primer for the discussions that ensued at various feminist cafes set up on governance, economics and sexual integrity and bodily autonomy against the background of fundamentalism.

Ugandan Feminist scholar and educator, Sarah Mukasa submitted the need to create an ecosystem that responds to the issues at hand while learning from our past, to not lose sight of the bigger goal of social transformation. Professor Sylvia Tamale, a Ugandan feminist scholar and educator, in another rousing speech on decolonizing knowledge, implored feminists to engage vigorously with feminist writings and works and to write and document with equal verve so as to keep us flooding the past and our future with light. In support of this point, Dr. Awino Okech emphasised the importance of building and visibilising African feminist knowledge systems by citing African scholars. She called out young feminists’ inclination towards quoting feminist scholars from the west while ignoring African scholars entirely.

On resisting religious fundamentalism, Theology scholar, Professor Mombo Esther shared her thoughts on her work with the Circle of Concerned Theologians, a group of women theologians that dedicate their lives towards amplifying Pan-African and inter-religious theological perspectives of African women.

After days spent in collective reflection on the work to be done towards combating fundamentalism, the convening came to a close. At this point, the four days had cultivated an understanding that within and amongst us, was sufficient courage, resilient bonds, and wisdom to put up a resistance against the forces threatening our liberty. We felt that no matter how hard the fundamentalist gales blew, we would remain unbowed. In the joyous moments of exchanging words of hope and embracing each other goodbye, the words of Nigerian poet, Ijeoma Umebinyuo came to life:
“You call me sister not because you are my blood but because you understand the kind of tragedies we both have endured to come back into loving ourselves again and again.”

Written by: Mubeezi Tenda

Are you attending the SVRI Forum in Mexico this September? We will be thrilled to connect with you!

On September 19 until 23, AWDF will join hundreds of funders, researchers, practitioners to steer debate on the future of violence prevention and redress at the Sexual Violence Research Initiative (SVRI) Forum in Mexico, Cancún. The forum is the largest global, abstract-driven research and advocacy conference on violence against women (VAW). It brings together researchers, funders, practitioners, policymakers, activists, and survivors every two years to connect, learn and share. The forum is also an opportunity to learn about the newest innovations for prevention and responding to VAW in low- and middle-income countries and to meet some of the most influential donors, researchers and practitioners in the fields of VAW.

Our staff delegation will be led by AWDF’s Director of Programmes – Pontso Mafethe, together with a diverse team from our knowledge, grants and operations portfolios.

We are also thrilled to be convening over 20 movement voices from ten countries to actively engage and influence conversations in the space! These include representatives of women’s rights organisations, individual feminist activists and collectives on the continent and in the Middle East (from our Leading from the South programme).

Check us out at the forum by connecting with us at the following events and sessions

Connection highlight one

SVRI and AWDF collaborative donor engagement session on decolonised and ethical funding for VAW and gender equality

Tuesday| Sept 20 | 6:00 – 7:00 PM

Venue: TBD |Translation available: Spanish, English

Connection Highlight two

Dialogic panel: Power and control in research: The High-Income Countries – Low- and Middle-Income Countries Divide

**Chair: Pontso Mafethe, African Women’s Development Fund

Time: 16:30 – 18:00 | Wednesday 21, Sept

Venue: Goya | Translation available: Spanish, English

Connection highlight three

AWDF Grantee partners-led Knowledge circles

Wednesday | Sept 21 | 11:00 AM – 01:00 PM

Venue: TBD |Translation available: French, Arabic, Spanish, English

Connection highlight four

South-feminist led funding: Showcasing the Leading from the South Model

Thursday| Sept 22 | 14:30 – 16:00

Venue: Greco-Dalí |Translation available: Spanish, English

Here is the full programme of the SVRI forum where you will find details of these and other very insightful activities at the forum. Please contact our Knowledge Management Team via knowledge@awdf.org if you have specific questions around AWDF’s engagement at the forum.

After an incredible week of connection, construction and commitment with hundreds of feminists and sexual rights activists from across Africa, we are excited to share the Call to Action from the 10^th Africa Conference on Sexual Health and Rights: ACSHR2022.

It is a collective call on governments, donors, feminist funds, Women Rights Organisations and the private sector to prioritise our recommendations to achieve greater impact in policy and financing outcomes for African Women’s SRHR.

Please download the CALL TO ACTION here, and SHARE!

Stay tuned for more updates and reflections from the conference.

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INTRODUCING THE PROUD CONTINENT ZINE

As a feminist organisation, AWDF provides crucial support to women’s movements working to end patriarchy, human rights abuses and gendered violence in Africa. Our core values of respect, diversity, feminist leadership, solidarity and partnership are demonstrated in the material, technical and institutional support that we provide to LBQT+ organisations fighting for the safety and freedoms of marginalised Africans.

This June, we have teamed up with our LBQT+ grantee partners in countries such as Angola, Tanzania and Uganda to highlight the experiences and convictions that shape the work they are doing. Our grantee partners are all courageous and committed individuals who work hard to secure rights, combat stereotypes and ultimately make society more welcoming for queer and trans people. These grantee organisations create safe spaces, provide much-needed healthcare and peer support, and mobilise around pressing issues in order to create a reality where all people are free to enjoy their human rights.

As we highlighted with our #LoveAndFreedomAfrica campaign last year, queer and trans people in Africa experience high and sometimes extreme levels of social isolation, physical and sexual violence, discrimination in workplaces and places of learning, and human rights abuses at the hands of the state and private actors. Trauma and suffering are however not the entire story of queer and trans life, and with the #AfriPROUD campaign we aim to highlight the complexity, beauty and courage that underpins the lives of our African LBQT+ sisters and siblings.

Pride Month is here and we see this globally recognised celebration as an opportunity to focus on LBQT+ Africans, while also reinforcing how crucial it is that we all act urgently to protect the rights and freedoms of our sisters and siblings.

We have compiled this Zine to spotlight the activism, resilience, and courage of Africans whose sexual orientation, gender identity, and social performance transcend conservative norms.

Download the ZINE here

Proud Continent – June 2022 (English) by Square HQ

AWDF is excited to announce our participation at the 10th Africa conference on Sexual Health and Rights (ACSHR), which will take place from 27th June -1st July 2022 in Sierra Leone. The conference seeks to contribute to policy shifts, funding and solidarity around ending sexual and gender-based violence, promoting abortion rights and advancing the narratives of gender non-conforming people.

The ACSHR is a critical moment for human rights and gender justice activists, collectives and organisations to convene and recommit to shared goals, principles and promising practices toward promoting SRHR on the African continent. The conference is hosted by Purposeful and convened by the African Federation for Sexual Health and Rights in partnership with the Government of Sierra Leone, the United Nations Spotlight Initiative, partners across the Continent and co-programmed with the WOW Foundation.

AWDF will co-host a two-layered session, Policy and Financing Dialogue on Prioritising African Women SRHR that anchors the experiences of African women’s rights organisations, activists and influencers to steer policy and financing discussions on prioritising critical SRHR issues on the continent. The two-sequel panel session will start with movement voices amplifying the gaps, innovations and opportunities from front-lining SRHR initiatives and cascade into a high-level policy, financing and partnerships call to action that features policy and funding representatives.

The ACSHR aims to build a critical mass of feminist activists that are key for inspiring change towards scaling up the prevention of sexual and gender-based violence in Africa. It is also an opportunity to showcase AWDF’s work as an ally and resourcing partner for critical SRHR work and women’s rights organising on the continent.

Click here to book your tickets

We have an exciting line-up of speakers, performers, renowned African feminists including AWDF CEO Françoise Moudouthe.

Stay tuned for more details!

A yellow stranger creeps through the bars of my window
Reaching corners yet unknown to this poet
The refrigerator hums a dirge somewhere
But this one’s back is to me, and I am reminded
Of the weight of old souls in old skins or his breath
on a stretched skin like mine

The global discourse on consent continues to deepen the understandings of other violations of personal space and forms of sexual violence previously ignored by legal statutes and sociocultural constructs that underpin rape and domestic violence.

Beyond its importance as a key conceptual learning tool for teaching sexual reproductive rights, consent affirms the dignity of all human beings especially to young people who continue to be affected by the lack of safe spaces to ask key life questions about their bodies and to learn ways of enhancing the quality of their “current and future” sex lives.

In Ghana, the discourse on comprehensive sexual (or sexuality) education has been met with overt reproach reverberated throughout the media from political and religious groups that moralise the initiative as ‘unsafe’ for adolescents and youth. They have claimed that such an education in self-awareness of their reproductive rights will gravely corrupt. However, this claim is disproved as Ms Hilda Mensah, a child protection specialist, shares in a 2021 interview that from the beginning of the year, one in five girls between 15 and 19 had reported experiencing at least one act of sexual violence in Ghana.

It is in this same thought tradition that teenage mothers are often blamed for their predicament for being “too fast”, more often than not ignoring the adult male perpetrator whose abuse of power in family or other relations with the victim has directly caused said predicament. The world reality of the youth is that issues about consent, bodily autonomy and sex are discussed by young people aged 13 – 18 both locally and globally through social media. Beyond such paternalistic assumptions by some adults, young people have some things to say about this and if their voices are centred in more policy approaches on sexual reproductive rights provisioning, some more effective training and learning can be achieved for transformational generational change.

Let’s Talk Consent is the brainchild of Drama Queens Ghana and was the main focal point for the trained volunteers and staff of the collective in 2017. Upon the request of various universities and high schools, the Let’s Talk Consent team offered a structured program on consent tailored to various groups of young people to hold space to discuss their concerns with some openness. What has been most enriching for our team, is learning what the general discourse is among some young people. Understanding the narratives that already persist among them, not only gave us a glimpse into the need for such conversation spaces to be held but also allowed us to tailor the workshops more specifically to address these areas.

For the young people who normally attended our sessions, we often got feedback about how they appreciated the space to talk freely and debunk the various myths they grew up hearing from their peers and society.

One noteworthy example, is a word exercise facilitated by our team that attempts to get young people to share some of the vocabulary with which they discuss sex and consent. Among some classes of teenage boys this referent language tended to be either blatantly violent or implied that one party was lessened by the experience and that was usually the girls involved. A male student once said “women who expose their body call for sexual attention” during the session in a bid to try and wrap his mind around what we were teaching and what he had learned from society.

The very aesthetes of consent when understood only through the lens of cis-hetero-patriarchal rape culture by young people especially those in high school, directly produces other instances of abuse and sexual violence. The normalised use of violent references for sex among young boys defies consent in circumstances especially where some activities are consented to and others are not, as we try to teach is the right of each party involved. By inviting young people to consider these are axioms, we attempt to demonstrate with the pyramid of sexual violence how micro-aggressions as subtle as benevolent sexism and harassment to overt actions such as obscene locker room talk, gradually builds a culture of acceptance and social approval which exposes mostly young girls and women to increased risk of violence and harm. Young people are constantly transforming into their fullest potential as adults, while being defined by and belonging to various communities with shared identities through whom they self-identify. These aspects of being, becoming and belonging are part of a childish-approach to children and youth policy studies. This considers the connections between key learnings in youth that affect later behaviour focusing on the perspectives of young people in discourse on their representations in policy frameworks.

Drama Queens’ work, at the very heart of it, attempts to address and combat societal ills; in this case, sexual violence, through varying approaches. These approaches can be through preventative activism, unlearning forums, or healing spaces. The Let’s Talk Consent branch of our work seeks to focus on preventative activism by encouraging people, most often the youth, to properly process human dignity, space and rights. In our sessions, we invite the participants to consider all the applications of consent in day-to-day life. The long-term goal, besides drastically reducing and possibly ending instances of sexual violence, is to make consent and its acknowledgement and acceptance, a default state of being for everybody.

One frequent comment we get during sessions is “But most girls (or people) mean yes when they say no to some advances?” (It is important to note that this question refers to instances where young girls and women, even though genuinely interested, are encouraged to appear coy and demure in a bid to not seem too eager by society). When this question is posed, we usually get a resounding affirmative feedback from the audience. This shows us that the issue of consent, just like almost all other societal structures, is very tightly-wound around sexism. Our response to this query is a firm, “Take a yes as a yes. And a no as a no.” We go on to explain that through no fault of their own, women (and “Assigned Female At Birth” AFAB folk) are taught to mirror a certain image in order to appeal to the male gaze. These instructions were received in various aspects of women’s lives; from their homes, religious involvement, romantic and platonic partnerships, to academic participation and self-image. In our work, we have come to realise that this may account for instances where women try to cover their interest with disinterest. All to project a sense of rareness and self-value. The very idea that women are made to tie their self-worth to such responses and behaviours is the very bedrock of objectification and we at Drama Queens are determined to let women (and AFAB) people know that they are worthy, they have the right to be their authentic selves and they are highly valued. By setting and creating a firm “yes is yes and no is no” culture, people, especially young people will take the first steps in thoroughly instilling a sense of candidness to self that helps to shed the toxic institutions women (and AFAB people) are brought up with.

Creating a safe space is at times underestimated, even by institutions who seek to have “modes of redress” integrated into their current systems and ways of operating. Unclear paths to proper justice for victims and “strict and unyielding” persons in redress systems, create an innate distrust for the systems” ability to properly address instances of abuse. In high schools for instance, in a bid to cut costs, institutions such as schools, place disciplinary-centred and hyper-critical teachers and staff in positions to hear student complaints and to act as guidance counsellors. The reasoning for this, aside from the aforementioned, could be that they trust such individuals to maintain the schools’ interest while basing their ability to adequately perform the tasks on their high “disciplinary rate” often obtained through harsh and insensitive means. This leads to students feeling distrustful and unsure of their institutions’ redress systems in the face of sexual assault / harassment. At Drama Queens, we understand the need for creating a safe space and we show this by asking our participants to put down rules that they would like implemented in their session to facilitate a safe space for them. In a safe space, participants may feel more inclined to share and have less fear of judgment for their thoughts, opinions and unlearning journeys (if they have their opinions on a certain topic, change during the session). This leads to altogether more productive sessions where participants feel more inclined to share and learn. Some of the rules participants come up with may include;

• No talking over others
• Do not make fun of peoples’ opinions
• No authority figures in the room
• Constructive criticism only

The vocalisation of these rules helps to shift uneasy dynamics in a session and could lead to students feeling safe with sharing their opinions and experiences, as well as being more conducive to take feedback and relearn ideas and concepts.

Our work spans various formats and we are dedicated to facilitating our activism through the various avenues we are granted. For the purpose of reaching larger audiences of different age groups and demographics in Ghana on the issue of sexual consent and everyday manifestations of patriarchal gendered norms, the stage play adaptations “For Coloured Girls: Who Have Considered Suicide When The Rainbow Is Enuf” and “Until Someone Wakes Up”, both attempt to stimulate thinking around these still taboo topics. In the former, funded by the African Women’s Development Fund and staged in the AWDF Sauti Centre, a select audience were thrilled to view a riveting show by our performers through monologues and live music on healing from the trauma of sexual violence. In the latter, staged on the occasion of International Women’s Day 2019 at the request of the Alliance Française and French Embassy as part of their fleet of activities for that period, our performers once again used thrilling scenes and dialogues to illustrate our stance on consent and sexual assault.

In breathing, existing, learning, being, people have been taught from very formative points in time to suit the norm. Our culture, as it stands now, is rife with rape culture. Existing within this current norm means to be complicit. Existing within this current norm is to choose easy. Doing the work to unlearn is hard. Unlearning and helping others to unlearn is also hard. However, what is activism if not passion in the face of difficulty? Drama Queens is committed to ensuring that we change the narrative. We are dedicated to the goal of progress, joy and mutual respect. Consent colours aspects of our existence beyond the sexual element and to understand consent is to understand respect. With constant thought analyses and constant unlearning, we can collectively ensure a better world that works for people especially for the most marginalised folks who have for so long been the victims of its continued existence.

We have unwound our wounds to become choruses- a vast sea swallowing the spaces between
where our stories sit in memory
Rainbow sheep who gnaw the thighs of the shepherd- our eyes hold ember
rechristened our fists into seedlings
Is this extracted from somewhere?

Written by: James S. Quarshie (Stage & Production Manager, Drama Queens) & Doris Odoi (Speakeasy Director, Drama Queens).

Poems by: K. Boat

Written by Emitomo Tobi Nimisire

I was thrilled to join social media the first time I did, eager to meet people – strangers who could become friends – and share my writing with them. I was fifteen. Social media exposed me to life-changing opportunities and gave me a few sustained platonic relationships (friendships?), but it also brought me an abundance of unsolicited photos of men’s privates, as well as name-calling and slut shaming. In my twenties now, I find myself reflecting on assault and harassment, and on how it has affected me. I think of all the times I have witnessed other women suffer this, and driven to properly understand this struggle, I created a survey. Here is what I found:

What counts as Online Harassment?

Online harassment includes any form of virtual interaction, action, or reaction that makes a person feel unsafe or discriminated against (Nimisire, 2021). According to Pew Research Center in a January 2021 survey, online harassment is measured by the following behaviours: offensive name-calling, purposeful embarrassment, stalking, physical threats, harassment over a sustained period of time, and sexual harassment. However, it is important to note that online harassment can be a subjective and personal experience.

Yasmin, an 18 year-old, says online harassment is “Everything pushy and forceful, done with the intent to harm. From stalking to persistent texting, sharing nudes, making up lies, blackmail, sending graphic pictures without consent, screen grabbing pictures and saving them (especially nude pictures).” Yasmin experiences some of these often because of her sexuality. She prefers to ignore harassers. For 19-year-old Mariam, online harassment is “Sending unsolicited dick pictures, someone constantly in my DMs trying to get me to sleep with them even after I’d already said No.” Mariam blocks and reports harassers’ accounts. “Trolling, body shaming, and doxxing.” These are what Cassandra, 22, considers online harassment. She mutes and blocks her harassers, or logs off the internet when she’s being harassed.

How is Online Sexual Harassment Violence?

Sexual harassment online can make a person feel threatened, exploited, coerced, humiliated, upset, sexualised or discriminated against. On many occasions, women and girls are harassed because of their gender and for having opinions. In another research in 2017, Pew Research Centre found that women are about twice as likely as men to say they have been targeted as a result of their gender (11% vs. 5%). Moreso, marginalised women are more at risk of online violence, especially LGBTQ+ people, sex workers, and women who are activists. 6 out of the 10 women and girls who filled my survey said they are harassed because of their sexuality. These indicate only a small portion of the targeted violence and insecurity that women are often at risk of in their daily lives.

Online sexual harassment encompasses a wide range of behaviours that use digital content (images, videos, posts, messages, pages) on a variety of different platforms (private or public) to harass or assault a person, ranging from unsolicited nude photos to rape and murder threats. A survey conducted by German advisory organisation, HateAid, shows that around 52% of women between the ages of 18 and 35 have suffered digital violence at least once.

There are largely four (three?) categories of online sexual harassment. These include: unsolicited sharing of intimate photos and videos; up-skirting — a situation in which a woman or girl is recorded without their consent; and revenge porn— where a video or photo is taken with the consent of the women but shared without consent. Other types of sexual harassment online include exploitation, unwanted sexualisation and sexualised bullying.

How has covid exacerbated online sexual harassment?

Use of social media increased following the COVID-19 pandemic, especially through the lockdown period. Movement ground to a halt, causing social interactions, workspaces, events, and engagements to move online. According to one survey, this directly resulted in an increase in reports of online harassment.

Impact of Online Harassment on Women and Girls

Silence: Survivors of online harassment are often scared into silence, especially in cases where non-consensual intimate images (NCII) are used to blackmail women and shared online, which may result in reputation damage. In less severe cases, to protect their privacy when harassed, women and girls change their privacy settings or deactivate their accounts.

Physical Insecurity: Survivors of online harassment may have a heightened fear of physical violence, especially if the harassers have access to private information such as their contact number, email address, or location. Research by Plan International conducted in 2020 across 31 countries with over 14,000 girls and young women about their experiences online discovered that more than half (58%) of those surveyed have been harassed and abused online, and 24% (that is, 1in 4 girls) are left feeling physically unsafe.

Psychosocial Stress: In the aforementioned report by Plan International, 42% of the girls and women who participated in the survey lose self-esteem or self-confidence, 42% feel mentally or emotionally stressed, and 18% have problems at school.

Loss of access to digital resources: In a society rife with rape culture and characterised by victim-blaming, when parents or guardians of girls who are being harassed online catch wind of the situation, they may limit the their access to the internet by seizing their mobile devices and computers. This in turn affects the girls’ education, professional and social lives.

How to handle Online Harassment

Report harassers’ content and account: Many social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have functions with which one can report abusive content and get support. You may also proceed to block the harasser’s account to prevent seeing their future updates.

Report to a local police station: According to the Nigerian Cybercrime Act 2015, child pornography and related offences – cyberstalking, racist offences, conspiracy, etc – are crimes that can be reported to the police and are punishable by law.

Be an active digital bystander: When a person is being harassed online, do not engage the content in any way, but instead report it and the harasser’s account. You may also check on the survivor to see how they are doing, offer support, or share helpful resources or tools with them.

Resources for combating Online Harassment

Feminist Internet is an organisation that intervenes in digital inequalities women and girls experience, and supports those who are discriminated against by providing tools such as Maru, an anti-harassment chatbot that helps with tackling online abuse.

EndTAB specialises in training people and organisations on how to navigate the digital abuse landscape via its online and live courses.

Web Foundation, with its Tech Policy Design Lab, is collaborating with tech companies and civil society organisations to create solutions for online gender-based violence.

As of 2020, 24 percent of Africa’s female population had online access, which means that about 161 million female Africans were at risk of online sexual harassment. This number has not remained static; more women and girls keep gaining access to the internet and will continue to do so. Creators of digital services and platforms must treat having effective policies that safeguard their users from online harassment as essential as the functionality of their products and platforms. We can no longer feign ignorance or turn a blind eye to the reality that our world now includes the digital world. Individuals must acknowledge that a person’s rights do not become non-existent the moment they get on the internet. The respect of the dignity of women and girls in the digital world is as important as their rights in the non-digital world.

About the Author:
Emitomo Tobi Nimisire is a Feminist Writer, Researcher, Sexual Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) Advocate, and Communications Strategist. She blogs at www.nimisire.wordpress.com.

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A COLLABORATION BETWEEN THE AFRICAN WOMEN’S DEVELOPMENT FUND AND BLACK WOMEN RADICALS

About The Ongea Mama Series

A collaboration between Black Women Radicals (BWR) and the African Women’s Development Fund (AWDF), “Ongea Mama” is an online series dedicated to curating discourses that uplift the unique perspectives, experiences, and activism of African feminists, from continental and diasporic approaches.

“Ongea Mama” translated as “Speak Mama” in Swahili. With this, the series is anchored around exploring major questions:

• What does it mean for African, Black, and Afro-descendant feminists to be in dialogue with one another?
• How can we learn from each other not only politically but personally, culturally, and even spiritually?
• How do we address and forge past historical and contemporary differences and tensions that impact our understandings of each other in efforts to create solidarity, sisterhood, and siblinghood across borders and boundaries?
• How can this series serve as a political education tool to learn more about feminist strategies, initiatives, and knowledge productions globally?

The “Ongea Mama” series is an extension of a previous event collaboration between the African Women’s Development Fund and Black Women Radicals which focused on “Health Equity and Power: Building Transnational Feminist Solidarity.”

As objectives, the Ongea Mama Series seek to

• Provide a dialogue and discourse among and between Africa, Black, and Afro-descendant feminists.
• Provide political education about historical and contemporary African feminist leaders and their leadership.
• Interrogate the work, activism, and productions of African feminists on the African continent and in the Diaspora.
• Create and build solidarity with and among Black women and gender expansive activists from around the world.

About The African Women’s Development Fund: The African Women’s Development Fund is a pan-African, women-led, grant-making agency that resources African women’s organisations to deliver sustainable development initiatives targeting women on the continent.

About Black Women Radicals: Black Women Radicals is a Black feminist advocacy organisation dedicated to uplifting and centering Black women and gender expansive people’s radical activism in Africa and in the African Diaspora.

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Une collaboration entre le Fonds Africain pour le Développement de la Femme et Black Women Radicals

A propos de la série Ongea Mama

Née d’une collaboration entre Black Women Radicals (BWR) et le Fonds Africain pour le Développement de la Femme (Rapport Annuel), Ongea Mama est une série en ligne consacrée aux discours qui mettent en valeur les perspectives, les expériences et l’activisme des féministes africaines, selon des approches continentales et diasporiques.

Ainsi, la série “Ongea Mama” traduit par “Parle Mama” en swahili s’articule autour de l’exploration de questions majeures telles que:
– Qu’est-ce que cela signifie pour les féministes africaines, noires et afro-descendantes d’être en dialogue les unes avec les autres?
– Comment pouvons-nous apprendre les unes des autres, non seulement sur le plan politique, mais aussi sur le plan personnel, culturel et même spirituel?
– Comment pouvons nous aborder et surmonter les différences et tensions historiques et contemporaines qui ont un impact sur notre compréhension de l’autre dans le but de créer une solidarité, une sororité et une fraternité au-delà des frontières et des limites?
– Comment cette série peut-elle servir d’outil d’éducation politique pour en savoir plus sur les stratégies, initiatives et productions de connaissances féministes dans le monde?
– La série “Ongea Mama” est le prolongement d’une collaboration précédente entre le Fonds Africain pour le Développement des femmes et Black Women Radicals, qui portait sur le thème “Équité sanitaire et pouvoir: construire une solidarité féministe transnationale”.
Les objectifs de la série Ongea Mama sont les suivants:
– Fournir un dialogue et un discours parmi et entre les féministes africaines, noires et afro-descendantes.
– Fournir une éducation politique sur les leaders féministes africaines historiques et contemporaines et leur leadership.
– Interroger le travail, le militantisme et les productions des féministes africaines sur le continent africain et dans la diaspora.
– Créer et construire une solidarité avec et entre les femmes noires et les activistes de l’expansion du genre du monde entier.

À propos de l’AWDF: Le Fonds Africain pour le Développement de la Femme est une agence panafricaine, dirigée par des femmes, qui octroie des subventions aux organisations de femmes africaines afin de leur permettre de mettre en oeuvre des initiatives de développement durable ciblant les femmes du continent.

À propos de Black Women Radicals: Black Women Radicals est une organisation de défense des intérêts des féministes noires qui se consacre à la promotion et à la centralisation de l’activisme radical des femmes noires et des personnes sans distinction de sexe en Afrique et dans la diaspora africaine.

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AWDF welcomes a generous, transformative gift from MacKenzie Scott
24 March 2022

The African Women’s Development Fund Board and Team are thrilled to receive a generous gift from American philanthropist MacKenzie Scott.

As Africa’s first women’s fund, AWDF has awarded over USD 50 million in grants across Africa and beyond in the two decades since we started operating, all while providing critical capacity-strengthening, movement-building, and narrative change support to African feminist groups. We are humbled by the recognition of the impact of our grantee partners and the wider African feminist movements towards disrupting the patriarchal status quo on the continent, and by the trust in AWDF’s critical role in supporting that change.

When it comes to philanthropy, direct funding to feminist organisations is notoriously low and usually comes with directions or restrictions on when, where, how and with whom funding can be used, leaving little room to do and support transformative work in a way that is innovative and inclusive. We therefore deeply appreciate that MacKenzie Scott’s donation to AWDF is both a sizeable and unrestricted donation.

Françoise Moudouthe, CEO of AWDF, says: “I am amazed by how much AWDF has been able to do since its inception, with the support from a generous community of donors. Yet, we are still only able to fund less than 15% of the eligible applications we receive, and the fact that only about 10% of our resources are unrestricted has kept me up at night more than once, not least because I know we fare much better than other African women’s rights groups in that respect. So, for AWDF to receive an unrestricted gift that is about the size of our current annual budget is a huge, exciting opportunity.”

With our excitement comes a great responsibility to our partners and the constituencies we serve. Listening to the priorities they have identified while consulted as part of our ongoing strategy development process, we look forward to leveraging these new resources to go further and deeper than we have been able to so far.

We will prioritise reaching more diverse and marginalised women and gender-non-conforming people across Africa. We will develop even more agile, inclusive and responsive ways to support feminist innovation and transformation. And we will invest in the long-term sustainability of movements as well as our own organisational resilience, so we can sustain and bring to scale the change we will have seeded beyond the coming few years.

There is comfort in knowing that MacKenzie Scott’s gift will enable AWDF to put these ideas into concrete action without delay. We can’t wait to work with our partners and demonstrate the power of collective African feminist imagination!

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AWDF reçoit un don généreux et révolutionnaire de MacKenzie Scott
24 mars 2022

L’équipe de l’AWDF ainsi que son conseil d’administration sont ravis de recevoir un don généreux de la philanthrope américaine MacKenzie Scott.

En tant que premier fonds féminin d’Afrique, le Fonds Africain pour le Développement des Femmes (AWDF) a accordé plus de 50 millions de dollars de subventions à travers l’Afrique et au-delà au cours des deux décennies qui ont suivies le début de ses activités, tout en fournissant un soutien essentiel au renforcement des capacités des groupes féministes africains, à la construction de nouveaux groupes ainsi qu’au changement du discours narratifs de ceux-ci. Nous sommes honorés par la reconnaissance de l’impact de nos partenaires bénéficiaires et des mouvements féministes africains en général pour changer le statu quo du patriarcat sur le continent et par la confiance au rôle essentiel de l’AWDF pour soutenir ce changement.

En matière de philanthropie, le financement direct des organisations féministes est très faible et s’accompagne généralement de directives ou de restrictions sur le moment, le lieu, la manière et les personnes avec lesquelles le financement peut être utilisé; ce qui laisse peu de choix pour réaliser et soutenir un travail transformateur de manière innovante et inclusive. C’est pourquoi nous apprécions profondément que le don de MacKenzie Scott à l’AWDF soit à la fois un don important et sans restriction.

Françoise Moudouthe, directrice de l’AWDF a déclaré à cet effet : « Je suis stupéfaite de tout ce que l’AWDF a pu faire depuis sa création grâce au soutien d’une communauté de généreux donateurs. Pourtant nous ne sommes encore en mesure de financer que moins de 15% des demandes admissibles que nous recevons, et le fait que seulement 10% de nos ressources soient sans restrictions m’a empêché de dormir plus d’une fois, notamment parce que je sais que nous nous en sortons beaucoup mieux que d’autres groupes de défense des droits des femmes à cet égard. Ainsi, le fait que l’AWDF reçoive un don non restrictif qui représente à peu près la taille de notre budget annuel actuel est une opportunité énorme et excitante.»

Notre enthousiasme s’accompagne d’une grande responsabilité envers nos partenaires et les groupes que nous servons. En écoutant les priorités qu’ils ont identifiées lors des consultations menées dans le cadre de notre processus continu de développement de la stratégie, nous sommes impatients d’utiliser ces nouvelles ressources pour aller plus loin que nous n’avons pu le faire jusqu’à présent.

Nous nous efforcerons d’atteindre prioritairement les femmes les plus diverses et les plus marginalisées, ainsi que les personnes non conformes au genre dans toute l’Afrique. Nous développerons des méthodes encore plus dynamiques, inclusives et réactives pour soutenir l’innovation et la transformation féministes. Et nous investirons dans la durabilité à long terme des mouvements ainsi que dans la résilience de notre propre organisation, afin de soutenir et de mettre à niveau le changement que nous aurons initié au-delà des quelques années à venir.

Il est réconfortant de savoir que le don de MacKenzie Scott permettra à l’AWDF de concrétiser ces idées sans délai. Nous avons hâte de travailler avec nos partenaires et de démontrer le pouvoir de l’imagination collective féministe africaine!

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THE CASE OF IMPROVING WOMEN’S HEALTH OUTCOMES IN KENYA

Written by: Dinnah Nabwire, Knowledge Management Specialist, AWDF

In 2020, over 300 million African women were directly affected by Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) and 2.4million of these had suffered from at least one form of cancer.

Across most African countries, addressing the burden for cancers and other forms of NCDs remains undermined by low national health care budgets and intervention packages that do not intricately include the needs of most affected populations.

In our work, the African Women’s Development Fund (AWDF) has found that women-led organisations, the majority of which are situated in and across hard-to-reach, under-served and marginalised parts of communities continent-wide, are well-positioned to address the growing burden of NCDs. However, they lack adequate resources to build alliances, co-create innovative approaches built on their years of community work experience and lessons, champion advocacy and implement the service delivery needed to achieve inclusive health outcomes for women.

In 2021, AWDF extended funding to one of such powerful frontline organisations, Women4Cancer Early Detection and Treatment, a community-based women-led organisation that addresses cervical cancer across sixteen counties in Kenya. In the following sections, we present four levels of unique value addition from resourcing community-level women-led organisations using examples from our work with Women4Cancer Early Detection and Treatment.

Designing sustainable models that address underlying drivers of health inequities

In Kenya, cervical cancer kills nine women a day and is almost entirely caused by infection from the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). While early detection and treatment is a clear path to elimination, HPV vaccines for young girls and boys can prevent infection by the virus in the first place. However, women and girls do not equitably access and utilise this opportunity due to a range of barriers.

According to Elizabeth Mbuthia, the Head of Programmes at Women 4 Cancer Early Detection and Treatment, most women targeted in the awareness sessions often lacked resources (transport and hospital fees) to access screening services at various health centres. Other critical barriers were significant numbers of women lacking information about screening opportunities, not seeing the importance of screening since they presented no signs or symptoms, while others cited lack of cervical cancer screening services at community level health centres when they visited.

With funding from AWDF, Women4Cancer Early Detection and Treatment sought to address these barriers. The team was able to provide free screening that resulted in increased numbers of women who know their status – a crucial step in maximising prevention and treatment for cervical cancer.

The organisation uses a community-driven intervention model that targets girls aged 10-14 and women. Over the past ten years, they have built reciprocal relations with the Ministry of Health, County Departments of Health, Sub- County Health Management teams, community health workers, opinion leaders, caregiver groups and schools with whom they collaboratively design and deliver interventions.

Champions who mainly consist of community health workers, particularly women, are trained and equipped with skills and tools to educate communities on the prevalence of cervical cancer, assess barriers to effective screening and popularise the opportunity for early treatment. During health camps, the project teams and volunteer nurses are attached to healthcare workers in the target health facilities to monitor the quality of services and support documentation and learning.

From the pre- and post-assessments, a significant increase in the numbers of women getting screened across health centres targeted by the project was recorded during the intervention period. At Bahati Sub-County Hospital in Nakuru North, screening rates grew from 13 in June 2021 to 241 in July 2021 following the community education activities coupled with free screening, on-site treatment and referral health camps. Similar trends were registered in the Nakuru North Sub-County Engashura, Kabatini and Dundori Health centres.

Tapping into the unique opportunity to integrate intervention lessons

At the project’s inception, the Women4Cancer Early Detection and Treatment team learnt that Nakuru County had adopted the school-based strategy for delivering the HPV vaccine for girls aged 10-14 years. Low vaccine uptake was registered when learners returned home for holidays or during short breaks and an increase in the uptake when schools resumed.

Based on these observations, the project team guided activity planning and scheduling to maximise holidays and breaks. Specific messaging was integrated to target community influencers and men as parents or guardians to support the participation of women and girls in project activities. The result was the sub-county recording a significant increase in the numbers of eligible girls taking up the HPV vaccine at the end of the intervention.

A partnership was initiated between schools and Engashura Health facility to co-host vaccination outreaches in neighbouring schools which further increased screening and HPV vaccination uptake outcomes. It also enabled the health facility to replicate similar initiatives in the sub-county. Integrating lessons during implementation ensured that the intervention model adjusts to address emerging needs, reaches excluded populations and maximises screening, testing and referrals for the navigation treatment program among women and girls manifest positive results.

Linking community needs to influence policy and programming at the county, national, and global levels.

As host of the STOP Cervical Cancer Technical Working Group secretariat, the Women4Cancer Early Detection and Treatment convenes over thirty partners, including the Ministry of Health’s National Cancer Control Programme, and nonprofits committed to addressing cervical cancer. The organisation is also an HPV vaccine technical support partner in the Advocacy, Communications and Social Mobilisation Technical Working Group (ACSM-TWG) at the National Vaccines and Immunisations Programme, Ministry of Health in Kenya.

The project team continually utilises these platforms to highlight health system challenges from the communities where they work and actively lobby government and key actors to prioritise emerging issues and barriers. During the 2019 launch of the integration of the HPV vaccination to the routine immunisation schedule, Women4Cancer Early Detection and Treatment facilitated the participation of one of the project champions to share the story of her survivorship. She also called upon policymakers who included the President of the Republic of Kenya to subsidise screening costs for more women to know their status and access navigation programs early. The project team uses their membership on these national and regional platforms to follow up these asks.

Impacting key populations and often excluded women and girls

The project team collaboratively works with the Sub-County Health Management Teams (SCHMT) in the different counties to report into the cancer registry databases like the Kenya Health Information System (KHIS). This ensures that national databases capture necessary details about women’s health and their multiple vulnerabilities crucial for health interventions that leave no one behind.

Moreover, in Kenya, it is estimated that female sex workers are almost ten times more likely to contract HIV than non-sex workers – yet, women living with HIV have a substantially increased risk for cervical cancer compared with women without HIV infection.

Before receiving funds from AWDF, Women4Cancer Early Detection and Treatment had worked with female sex workers without deliberate disaggregation. However, with the funds, they scaled up this work through deliberately targeting and training their leadership who subsequently mobilised their colleagues to participate in screening activities. The majority of the champions engaged by the project team had been trained in other health issues, particularly HIV and AIDS, which made it easy to highlight the integration between HIV and Cervical Cancer.

Like Women4Cancer Early Detection and Treatment, hundreds of African women-led community-level organisations are front lining initiatives that promote holistic outcomes for women’s health. Placing funds in the hands of community-level women-led organisations means generating community-driven strategies that reach most marginalised populations and build on resident resources to deliver sustainable high impact interventions.